• Theme 1: Health insurance reform and financing as the central lever shaping public health policy, with design options, public opinion, and expenditure trajectories guiding policy debates and decisions [19], [5], [15], [11], [2].

• Theme 2: A shift toward prevention, lifestyle, and population health framing—arguing for system-level reform and addressing social determinants rather than solely expanding treatment capacity [1], [3], [16], [18].

• Theme 3: Epidemiologic reasoning and the rise of health services research as policy input, linking data-driven epidemiology with health system design, planning, and reform [4], [14], [13], [20].

• Theme 4: International and comparative framing of health policy, challenging assumptions through cross-national comparisons, planning myths, and policy transfer lessons [20], [9], [10].

• Theme 5: Governance, planning infrastructure, and public health education as prerequisites for policy; national-local planning, health system governance, and public health training shaping implementation [13], [12], [14].